Any experiment that studies causal effects must mitigate the influence of confounding variables to avoid bias in the estimate of the treatment effect. In randomized clinical trials (RCT), we do this ...

Thanks to advances in molecular sequencing, scientists have generated a wealth of data from the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. However, these "-omics" datasets are complex and there ...

Observational studies are inherently vulnerable to various types of bias due to the absence of randomization. Therefore, effectively controlling bias in these studies is essential to enhance the ...

Patients with resected CCA undergoing curative surgery, with or without AC, were identified from three centers in Thailand. Patients with R2 resection and 30 days postoperative death were excluded.