Metal forming encompasses a suite of processes—including rolling, extrusion, forging, drawing, spinning and flow forming—that impart shape, dimensional precision and tailored microstructure to ...

As human civilization advances and science and technology continue to develop, the impact of energy consumption and global warming has attracted significant attention worldwide. Consequently, research ...

Deformation processes transform solid materials from one shape into another. The initial shape is usually simple (e.g., a billet or sheet blank) and is plastically deformed between tools, or dies, to ...