Distillation columns are extensively deployed in the chemical process industries when there is a need for separation of components that have different boiling points. Typically, a mixture of ...

Full-scale application of membrane distillation (MD) requires effective pretreatment strategies to control biofilms, a persistent challenge of desalination systems. This study explores the impact of ...

Membrane scaling is a barrier to membrane distillation (MD). In this study, 3D-printed carbon nanotube (CNT) spacer was used to investigate its capability for mitigating membrane scaling during MD and ...